LIFESTYLES
I. PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
1.1. APPEARANCE
Long
Short
Tall
Broad-shouldered
Fat
Plump
Thin
Slim = slender
Overweight
Pretty
Ugly
Handsome
Clean-shaven
Neat
Face
Oval
Round
Complexion
Pale
Olive-skinned
Tanned
Features
Chiselled
Delicate
Regular
Irregular
Massive
Stern
Hair
Jet-black
Reddish
Grey
Bald
Fair
Dark
Wavy
Curly
Lank/ straight
Scanty/thin
Smooth
Silky
Bobbed
Braids/ plaits
Lock
Curl
Fringe
Pony-tail
Brunette
Blonde
Eyes
Close-set
Deep-set
Bulging
Slanting
Eyelashes
Curving
Straight
Thick
Eyebrows
Arched
Penciled
Shaggy
Bushy
Forehead
Broad
Doomed
High/ tall
Large / open
Low
Nose
Straight
Turned-up
Snub nose
Hawknose
Exercise plete the sentences using topical vocabulary.
1. Peter has a ��� nose and ��.. hair.
2. My sister is ��... She has a ��. figure.
3. Ron has ���. hair and his wife is ���..
4. Miles has a ��� beard and ���� moustache.
5. My hair is ���.. , my figure is ��.. and in general, I am ���...
Exercise 2. Divide into pairs. Read the questions and ask them your partner.
| How tall are you? How much do you weigh? |
| How would you describe your appearance? |
| Have you got any special features? |
| Is there any woman you would describe as beautiful, and a famous man you would describe as good-looking? |
Exercise 3. Translate into English.
1. � ����� ���� ������ ��� � ������ ������� ������.
2. � ���� ������� ������ � ��� �� ����, �� ������.
3. � ����� ��������� ���� ����.
4. ���� �������� ���������� ����?
5. �� ��� ��������������� ������� ��������� � ������� ����������� ������� ���� � ������� ������� ��������� ��������.
6. ��� �� ����� ������, ��� ���� �����-��.
7. ��� ���� �� ��� ������, ��� ��; ��� ��� �������� � ���������������.
8. ����� ��� ����������, 2 ����������� ������ ��������� �� �� ������.
9. ��� ���� �� �������� �� ���� �������.
10. ������ ��� �������, ������������, � ������� �������� �������� � ������ �������.
11. �� ��� ������� �� ������� �� ����� ����.
12. � ��� ����� ����������� ���� ����.
13. �� ��� �������� �����, �������� ������, � ������� ������ �������� � �������������� �������� �������.
14. ��� ���� ���� �� 5 �����������.
15. � ��� ����� ������ ������, ��� � �� �����.
Exercise 4. Read the description, translate into Russian.
Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps using topical vocabulary.
Exercise 6. Read the article and circle the correct answer for questions 1 to 6. Then, explain the words in bold using your dictionaries.
1 Laughter lines around the eyes suggest...
a a good sense of humour.
b honesty.
2 Long eyebrows and a small nose suggest ...
a a friendliness.
b creativity.
3 A high forehead and large, wide eyes suggest...
a a calm person. '
b generosity.
4 Wide, thin lips suggest someone who has got...
a a fun-loving nature.
b ambition.
5 A strong jawline suggests...
a someone who is romantic.
b determination.
6 A wide mouth and very full...
a a desire to try everything.
b friendliness.
Famous Faces Face reading, or personology, is an old art that is becoming more and more popular. It is believed that a person�s facial features can tell us a lot about what kind of person they are. Let�s see what some famous faces tell us. |
|  | Mel Gibson Mel�s square forehead means he is honest and not afraid to say what he thinks. However, the laughter lines around his eyes show he�s a very funny person who enjoys listening to and telling jokes. |
Jodie Foster Jodie has large eyes, which means she is very creative. She�s also got long eyebrows and a small nose, which means she�s a friendly person and very gentle, too. |  |
|  | Nicolas Cage Nicolas has got a long oval face. That means he�s quite active, but he�s got full lips, so he�s also a calm and relaxed sort of person. His very high forehead large wide eyes tell us he is also open-hearted and very generous. |
Meg Ryan Meg�s well-spaced eyes mean she�s probably a very sociable person, and her oval-shaped face and wide thin lips show she�s also quite ambitious. However, her small pretty nose suggests she can also be very gentle and kind. She probably loves children and animals. |  |
|  | Antonio Banderas Antonio�s strong jawline means he�s a very determined kind of person. At the same time, he�s probably quite romantic, because he�s got a large nose with a soft tip. His high cheekbones are a sign that he loves to travel, likes adventure and change, and gets bored very easily. |
Julia Roberts Julia has a wide mouth and very full lips, which show she has a huge appetite for life and a desire to try everything. Her very long arched eyebrows show she is kind to others as well as being friendly and outgoing. Unfortunately, her fun-loving nature sometimes stops her from doing important things or from taking people more seriously. |  |
1.2. CHARACTER
character
feature
drawback
hard-working
jolly, funny
lazy
sociable
well-bred
charming
intelligent = clever = smart
shy
talkative
serious
rude
patient
selfish
stubborn
jealous
warm-hearted
kind
witty
wise
generous
polite
Exercise 7. Match the adjectives to the reasons, and then use them to describe people you know well, as in the example:
1. honest (g) a) never stop talking
2. jealous b) not say a lot
3. talkative c) feel angry about not having what others have
4. shy d) talk to everybody
5. mean e) never betray friends
6. loyal f) able to think of new ideas
7. imaginative g) never tell lies
8. sociable h) hate spending money
Exercise 8. Discuss: Should your boss, dentist, driver, priest, teacher, president of the country, policeman, model be...?
| Smart |
| Hard-working |
| Serious |
| Ambitious |
| Charming |
| Intelligent |
| Wise |
| Powerful |
| Charismatic |
| Shy |
| Honest |
| Patient |
| Pretty |
| Feminine |
| Sociable |
Exercise plete the sentences according to the model.
Model: To become famous you must be very hard-working.
Ø to graduate from university...
Ø to have a big family �
Ø to make a career
Ø to marry a person of different age
Ø to tell the truth...
Exercise plete the sentences.
1. He wants to be independent...
2. My dog is very calm...
3. Don't be so mean...
4. Our president is very powerful...
5. Brad Pitt is really charismatic...
Exercise 11. Read the article. Explain the words in bold.
To you, is it possible to talk about people�s character by reading his/her lips.
Forget about fortune tellers and horoscopes. The shape of a person's lips can say a lot about them. The 5,000-year-old art of face reading is gaining popularity. So, take a look at the shape of someone's lips to find out about their personality�
People with full lips are usually responsible . You can always trust them to do what you ask them to do. They are also decisive ; they make decisions quickly. On the other hand, they tend to be rather bossy . They like telling other people what to do!
People who have a thin upper lip and a full lower lip are energetic . They work very hard and like participating in a lot of activities. They are ambitious as well; they want to be successful in life. However, these people tend to be self-centered . They seem to only care about themselves and they sometimes forget about other people's feelings.
People with thin lips are determined ; they know what they want and they do all they can to get it. They are careful people who do their work with a lot of attention and thought. However, they tend to be reserved ; they don't like showing their feelings or expressing their opinion. They can also be mean ; they don't like sharing things or spending money.
People who have lips with down-turning corners are very generous . They love giving things to other people and helping them. They are also very intelligent and understand difficult subjects quickly and easily. On the other hand they can be sensitive at times, they can get upset easily, so be careful of what you say to them.
Exercise 12. Test �How ambitious are you?�
1. In ten years do you hope to
a. be married with a family
b. have an interesting but not very well-paid job?
c. have a well-paid job that isn�t very interesting
2. In twenty years� time do you hope to
a. have enough money to pay your bills
b. have quite a lot of money
c. have a lot of money
3. Here is a list of ten jobs. Which would you like to do? Put 1 next to your favorite, 2 next to your next favorite.
Nurse builder
accountant journalist
teacher artist
politician engineer
policeman/woman actor/actress/pop star
4. Is improving your standard of living important to you?
5. Do you think people who have money should help people that don�t have money?
6. How old do you want to be when you have children?
a. 18 � 20 c. 27 � 30
b. 23 � 26 d. over 30
7. When you are playing a game, do you always want to win?
8. Can you tell a white lie?
9. Do you think that rich people are happier and more interesting that other people?
10. Do you work hard because you want to be successful?
11. If you have a job to do, do you do it immediately, or do you wait until the last moment?
12. Would you like to have more money than your parents?
13. Do you agree with the philosophy �Every man for himself�
14. Do you like hard work?
15. Which of the following is most important to you?
love happiness money health
Answers
1 a. 0 b. 5 c. 10
2 a. 0 b. 5 c. 10
3 0 nurse/artist first
2 builder/policeman or policewoman/teacher/journalist first
5 engineer/actor/actress/pop star first
10 politician/accountant first
4 Yes 10 No 0
5 Yes 0 No 10
6 a. 0 b. 2 c. 5 d. 10
7 Yes 10 No 0
8 Yes 10. No 0
9 Yes 10. No 0
10 Yes 10. No 0
11 Immediately 10 last moment 0
12 Yes 10 No 0
13 Yes 10. No 0
14 Yes 10. No 0
15 Love 0 happiness 5 Money 10 Health 0
0 � 50 You aren�t very ambitious! You are happy with a quiet life.
50 � 100 You are quite ambitious, but you don�t want to work too hard
Over 100 You are very ambitious! Good luck and try to be nice to people.
1.3. RELATIONSHIPS
Family
family
father, Dad
mother, Mom
sister
brother
daughter
son
wife
husband
parents
cousin
niece
nephew
widow
bachelor
grandparents
grandmother
grandfather
great-grandparents
aunt
uncle
mother-in-law
to be married
to get married
step-mother
relatives
Marriage and family life
bridegroom
bride
wedding
honeymoon
married
to divorce smb
divorced
single
widowed
Friends and colleagues.
friend
pen-friend
colleague
neighbour
Stages in life
child
teenager
parent
pensioner
elderly person
Exercise 13. Look at Lucy's family tree, then read the sentences and underline the correct word in bold.
1. Steve is Alan's father / brother.
2. Alan doesn't have any cousins / sisters.
3. George is Alan's uncle / grandfather and Mary is his grandmother / aunt.
4. Steve's father's / brother's name is Rick and his cousin's / mother's name is Susan.
5. Alan has three aunts / cousins. Their names are Bob, Lucy and Harry.
6. Lucy is Tom and Helen's son / daughter.
7. Susan is Harry's sister / aunt and Rick is his uncle / brother.
8. Tom is Helen's wife / husband.
9. Mary and George are Susan's parents / grandparents.
Exercise 14. Divide into pairs. Ask questions about your partner�s family.
Exercise 15. Look at these stages of life. Decide which stage these words relate to:
Newborn, pensioner, parent, child, teenager, elderly person, baby, school-age child
| 5-12 years | 13-19 years | 20+ years | 40 + years | 60+years |
Decide which age group the following relate to:
Career, retiring, learning to drive, pension, homework, learning to read, university, playmates.
Exercise 16. Read the text �More than just good friends�. What do you think about this story of love? Can you tell a story of love that you admire?
I fell in love with Anton from the moment I met him. It was certainly love at first sight. I knew at once that he was the love of my life but at first I was not sure if my love was returned or not. Within a few days, however, he had told me that he was desperately in love with me too. A couple of week later, we realized that we wanted to make a commitment to each other and, when Anton asked me to marry him, I immediately accepted his proposal. I�m sure we will always love each other unconditionally. Neither of us would ever consider having an affair with somebody else.
Exercise 17. Translate the sentences using words and expressions from topical vocabulary.
1. ������� ���� ���� ���, ����� �� � ������ ��� ��������?
2. ��� �� �������, ��� ������, ��� ������� ������������ ������� ������������ � �����?
3. ��� ������ ����� ��������� ��� ����� �� ���� �����, � ����� �� ������� ��� �����������.
4. ������� ���������� - ���� �� ����� ������� � �����. �������������, ��� ������� ������� � ������� ����������� �������� � ��������.
5. ���� ������ ������� � 20-30 ���, ��������� ���� ����� ��� ����������� �����. ������ ������� � ������� ����� ����, ��� ��� ����� ������ ����� ����������� ��������.
Exercise 18. In your opinion how the following factors can influence marriage.
1. early/late marriage
2. wife is older than husband ( husband is older than wife)
3. being brought up in a single-parent family
4. no sisters or brothers
5. pregnancy before marriage
6. parents' negative attitude to marriage
7. different nationalities
8. positive example of parents' family life
9. higher education of one spouse
10. marriage proposal made by a man / a woman
11. different social status
12. spending free time together
13. treating each other with respect
14. taking strong drinks by a spouse
15. spouse's negative attitude to husband's/ wife's friends
16. fundamentally different interests and hobbies
17. dissatisfaction with sexual life
18. long courting before marriage
19. " head of the family" problem
20. loss of confidence
Exercise 19. Read the text �All dressed in red� to decide if each sentence 1-5 is correct or incorrect. What do you know about wedding traditions of other countries?
Before getting married, the bride at a Hindu wedding does everything to make sure her wedding day is lucky. A holy man studies the horoscopes of the bride and groom to choose the right day for the wedding, so that the marriage will be long and happy. Will the marriage be a happy one if the wedding takes place on Wednesday, or would it be better to wat until the fool moon on Friday? After checking all the signs very carefully, he chooses the wedding day.
There are the weeks of preparation and excitement that are common to all cultures, and then finally, on the wedding day itself, before helping her dress, the bride's sisters and female friends paint her hands and feet with henna. When she's ready, she puts on a red sari, which will bring her good luck for the marriage. During the ceremony, the groom's relatives place a small mark of red paste on her forehead to show she is a married woman. After decorating the bride with jewels, they cover both her face and that of the groom with a veil. And then she is married. During the reception, the guests enjoy a feast of food and drink, while the bride and groom sit together and share their meal.
| 1. | It�s a holy man who chooses the day of marriage in India. |
| 2. | On the wedding day the bride has a pink dress on because it will bring her happiness in marriage. |
| 3. | During the ceremony, the bride�s relatives place a small mark of red paste on the bride�s forehead to show she is a married woman. |
| 4. | During the final part of the wedding the groom�s face is covered with a veil. |
| 5. | After the wedding ceremony the bride throws a bouquet of flowers to her friends. |
II. WORK AND RECREATION
2.1. JOBS
- What�s your job? or What do you do?
- I�m a journalist.
Jobs
lawyer
businesswoman
police officer
secretary
computer programmer
waiter
scientist
chemist
singer
shop assistant
tour guide
dentist
pilot
photographer
mechanic
engineer
actor
civil servant
journalist
to be retired
to be unemployed
At work
to work in (a firm, a bank, an office, a factory)
to work for a company
to work at home
to work from 9 to 5
to work at weekends
to earn one�s living
to be a workaholic
Exercise 20. Read the description and guess the job.
1. all the people are afraid of him
2. he has no wings, but can fly
3. sometimes you must meet him instead of eating fruit and healthy food
4. this person saves all pleasant moments of our life
5. Americans call them cops
Exercise 21. Match the jobs to the places. Can you add more?
| Receptionist | office |
| Teacher | shop |
| Clerk | hotel |
| Nurse | factory |
| Waiter | school |
| Machine operator | restaurant |
| Secretary | bank |
| Shop assistant | hospital |
Exercise 22. Game: �What�s the line?� Choose a job. Speak in detail about your job without naming it. One should guess your job.
Exercise 23. Read the talks about jobs. What is your future profession? Think about its advantages and possible disadvantages.
Americans often talk about their jobs. When people first meet, they usually want to know what the other person's job is right away. They ask "What do you do?"
Ruth: Being a high school teacher is very demanding. I teach five classes a day with thirty five kids to a class. I spend my evenings preparing lessons and correcting papers. The work is exhausting, but I like it. I'm fascinated by young minds. I think I should be paid more.
Bryan : I work for the carpenter's union. And besides I get two weeks of paid vocation a year plus five public holidays. On days when there is no work, I make extra money by doing small jobs for people who need a carpenter to work on their house.
Fred: I'm a commodity trader in Chicago. Trading starts at 7 A. M. and finishes at 3: 15 P. M., and the whole time I buy and sell. I must be very aggressive and my job is very stressful, the work is exciting... and I can make a lot of money.
Lisa: I enjoy working as a waitress. The tips aren't very big, but I like the clients and the people I work with. I guess should look for a job in a restaurant where I can earn better tips.
Exercise 24. Read the want ads, translate into English. Make up an advertisement of your own.
THE WANT ADS
1 CAMP HIDEAWAY
Summer is almost here. Now looking to hire camp counselors for July/August
Call for interview
2 GYMNASTIC INSTRUCTOR
Afternoon & evening, part-time. Must have experience.
Call .
3 PIZZA HELP
Counter help, take telephone orders. Full-time. Experience preferred.
Apply in person at VILLAGE PIZZA HOUSE.
4 SALES ASSISTANTS
Immediate openings in downtown department store. Good benefits and working conditions.
Call .
5 COURIERS
Part-time.1 PM until 7 PM. Must have own vehicle and strong knowledge of downtown area.
. Ask for Dave.
2.2. DAILY ROUTINES
Daily routines
To get up
To brush one�s teeth
To have a shower
To comb one�s hair
To get dressed
To have breakfast/ lunch/dinner
To go to work/to university
To finish work
To return home
To do the washing
To do the shopping
To do the cooking
To do the laundering
To do the ironing
To vacuum-clean
To run a house
Exercise 24. Look at the list of responsibilities. What is the possible division of duties between the partners at home?
1. looking after children
2. control over homework
3. visiting parents meetings
4. settlement of public utilities
5. organizing of children's celebrations
6. organizing of family holidays
7. hard physical activities about the house
8. looking after pets
9. shopping for food
10. doing up ( tidying up)
11. laundry
12. current repairs
13. keeping in touch with neighbours
14. planning of family budget
15. shopping for clothes
16. shopping for furniture
17. cooking
Exercise 25. Read the text �Family life� and Simon�s family schedule attentively. What would you change in the schedule of the family?
Family life
What is a typical American family? The traditional one includes mom, dad, and the kids, but there now are many other combinations of family households. Eight percent are single-parent families, where only one parent lives with the children, while other families may consist of children living with a parent and a stepparent.
In general, the average number of people living together under one roof has gotten smaller. In 1960, there were 3.3 people in a household; now there are only 2.7. The number of children in a family is also much smaller, and children are usually encouraged to be independent and leave home, when they finish school and start working.
Recently, more children are staying at home with their parents longer, because their salaries are not high enough to cover the cost of living away from home.' They also prefer the home comforts that their parents can offer.
People usually get married in their twenties or thirties, although some couples decide to live together without getting married. Many men and women stay single, because it is difficult to find a compatible person to date or marry. Some single people look for partners through the personals ads that appear in newspapers or magazines. More divorced people or single people who have never married choose to live alone.
One out of two American marriages ends in divorce. It is a painful process for all family members, and many couples seek marriage counseling to try to prevent a divorce. Children of divorced families often live with their mothers. When the parents have joint custody of the children, the children often divide their time between each parent.
In many families, both the mother and father work; women represent more than 50 percent of the work force. The responsibilities of running a house and raising the children are now more equally shared between men and women than ever before. Fathers have become more involved in raising the children and taking care of their everyday needs, although mothers still spend more time caring for the children and doing the household chores.
When both parents work, they have to make child-care arrangements for their children. Some parents hire babysitters to stay home with babies or younger children. Others take their children to a day care center. School-age children can go to an after-school program when the regular school day is over. Organizing family life can involve writing schedule; to make sure everything gets done.
| Simon�s family schedule |
| Sun 9.00 Dad - walk dog | Mon 8.00- take kids to school 5.00 Mom pick up Mary from art and Jimmy from after-school 6.00 Mom - cook dinner 7.30 Mom - go to school meeting | Tues 8.00 Mom - take kids to school 5.00 Mom pick up kids from after-school 6.00 Mom - cook dinner 8.00 Dad - go to club meeting | Wed 8.00 Mom - take kids to school 5.00 Mom pick up kids from soccer practice 6.00 Mom - cook dinner 7.30 Mom - go to yoga | Thurs 8.00 Mom - take kids to school 5.00 Mom pick up kids from chorus 6.00 Mom - cook dinner | Fri 8.00 Mom - take kids to school 5.00 Mom pick up kids from after-school 6.00 Dad - cook dinner 7.30 Mom - go to chorus rehearsal | Sat 8.00 Mom - take kids to school 5.00 Mom go food shopping afternoon everyone cleans the house |
2.3. SPORTS AND ACTIVITIES
football (soccer)
basketball
tennis
volleyball
baseball
hockey
athletics
motor racing
swimming
boxing
skiing
skating
rowing
canoeing
sailing
yachting
kayaking
weightlifting
wrestling
judo
karate
surfing
jogging
rock-climbing
You can do or play sports:
You can also:
| Do | Go | Play |
| aerobics | bowling | badminton |
| athletics | cycling | baseball |
| gymnastics | fishing | billiards |
| judo | mountaineering | bowls |
| karate | riding | cricket |
| the high jump | skateboarding | football |
| the long jump | skating | golf |
| the pole vault | skiing | hockey |
| weightlifting | to aerobics, judo | against smb |
| yoga | | for a team |
Exercise 26. Name:
1. five games where you can hit the ball
2. four games where you can pass the ball.
3. three games where you can catch the ball
4. two games where you can kick the ball
5. one game where you can head the ball.
Exercise 27. Guess what sport it is.
1. The referee gave the try although many people thought it was a forward pass.
2. He scored the winner with a beautiful free kick from just outside the penalty area.
3. He served fifteen aces and not one double fault.
4. The coach called a time out with just 45 seconds left and two points between the teams.
5. He crashed into the car in front with just two laps remaining.
6. First he was booked (= the yellow card) for a bad tackle, and then he handled the ball inside the penalty area, so the referee had to send him off (= the red card).
7. In the 200 metres freestyle, he overtook the Russian on the final length to win the race.
8. She sprinted away from the rest of the field on the final lap and won easily.
Exercise 28. Fill in the table
swimming gloves football racket ring boots pool tennis net court pitch trunks boxing costume shorts
Exercise 29. The text �Are you a couch potato?� is about leisure activities. Read it and choose the best definition for a couch potato.
Is it �..
1. Someone who enjoys energetic sports and active hobbies.
2. Someone who takes little or no exercise, and who spends their free time doing very little.
3. Someone who doesn't like doing sports but is active in other ways.
4. Someone who likes indoor gardening.
Are you a couch potato?
Centuries ago, people didn't have much free time, because everybody was working too hard. In Britain in the nineteenth century, people had more spare time, but because the Victorians hated relaxing and doing nothing, they invented football, rugby and cricket. People took up more gentle activities too, like gardening, bird-watching and train spotting, and it was even possible simply to watch a sport and give the impression that you were actually doing something. Gradually, leisure activities have become less and less demanding, and most people have a variety of more or less energetic interests and hobbies. But now there is a new type of person who thinks that lying on the sofa watching television on Sunday afternoon or reading the newspaper from cover to cover is the most exciting activity they can manage. This is the twentieth-century couch potato. For them, every activity is too much trouble, and laziness is an art form! So how do you spend your free time? Are you a couch potato?
Exercise 30. Correct the sentences if necessary.
1. The people who watch a football match are the audience.
2. The official who gives the score in tennis is the umpire.
3. Athletes wear shorts.
4. You need a stick to play hockey.
5. Boxers wear gloves.
6. Tennis is played on a pitch.
7. The referee in football has a whistle.
8. Women wear trunks for swimming.
Exercise 31. Translate into English.
1. ��� ����, ��� ������� ����������� ��� ������ ������������ �������� ��������� ���� �����, � ���������, ���������.
2. ����� �� ����� ��������� ������ �� �������, ���� ������� ���������� ���������� ����� ��������������.
3. ��� ������ ����������. ���������� ������ � �����. �� ����� �� ���� ������� ��������� ����������. - �� ����, �� �, ����� �� ��� ������� � 10 ���.
4. ��� ������ �������� �������� �� �����, ���� ��� ��������� ��������������, ����� ���������� ����������, ��� �������� ��� ���� ��������� ����������� � �������.
5. ������� ������ ������� � ����� ������� � ����������� ����� � �������� �� ������������ �� ������ ����� ��� � ����� ������������ ������� � ����� �����.
Exercise 32. Do you agree/disagree with the statement: �Sports do not build character. They reveal it�? Develop your idea.
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